Gastroenteritis

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Suffering from Gastroenteritis? Let us help you.

What is Gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis, often referred to as the “stomach flu,” is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines, typically caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection. It leads to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and cramping. Gastroenteritis is a common condition that can affect people of all ages, but it can be particularly serious in young children, the elderly, and individuals with weakened immune systems due to the risk of dehydration. Sometimes, patients may experience a pain in their limbs, lack of appetite and headaches. Food poisoning (when hazardous bacteria enters your gut) and the norovirus are the most common causes in adults.

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What are the causes of Gastroenteritis?

The following are typical causes:

Viral Infections:

Norovirus: The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in adults, often leading to outbreaks in settings like cruise ships, schools, and nursing homes.
Rotavirus: A common cause in infants and young children, especially in areas where the rotavirus vaccine is not widely used.
Adenovirus, Astrovirus, and Sapovirus: Other viruses that can cause gastroenteritis, particularly in children.

Bacterial Infections:

Salmonella: Often contracted from contaminated poultry, eggs, or dairy products.
Campylobacter: Typically found in undercooked poultry and unpasteurized milk.
Escherichia coli (E. coli): Certain strains, particularly E. coli O157, can cause severe gastroenteritis. Contamination often comes from undercooked beef, raw vegetables, or unpasteurized milk.
Shigella: Spread through contaminated water and food, especially in areas with poor sanitation.
Clostridium difficile: Often associated with antibiotic use and can cause severe symptoms, particularly in hospitalised or elderly patients.

Parasitic Infections:

Giardia lamblia: A parasite found in contaminated water, especially in areas with poor sanitation.

Non-Infectious Causes:

Food Allergies: Certain food intolerances or allergies, such as lactose intolerance, can cause gastroenteritis-like symptoms.
Toxins: Ingestion of contaminated food with toxins, such as those produced by Staphylococcus aureus or Bacillus cereus, can lead to food poisoning and gastroenteritis symptoms.

What are the symptoms of Gastroenteritis?

The symptoms of gastroenteritis usually begin suddenly and can include:

Diarrhea: Frequent, loose, or watery stools.

Vomiting: This may occur with or without nausea.

Abdominal Pain and Cramping: Often centered around the stomach area.

Fever: A mild fever is common, especially with viral gastroenteritis.

Headache and Muscle Aches: General body discomfort can accompany the gastrointestinal symptoms.

Dehydration: Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, excessive thirst, dark urine, little or no urine output, and dizziness or light-headedness.

What treatment is available for Gastroenteritis?

To help ease your symptoms:

Drink plenty of water

Rest

Take rehydration sachets like dioralyte

Paracetamol for aches and pains

Try small amount of plain foods e.g. rice, pasta bread.

Symptoms normally go away after a week, however in rare situations they can continue a bit longer. If your symptoms persist or worsen, please see your regular GP.

If you require anti-sickness medication e.g. metoclopramide, our clinicians can diagnose and prescribe medication. Please complete a telephone or video consultation. If you are unsure of diagnosis, please still complete the consultation form and our clinicians can help with diagnosis.