Eczema/Dermatitis- Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention
03 Mar 2025
Introduction
Hello there! Eczema/Dermatitis has become very common in the United Kingdom, but it is very important to obtain the necessary advice and treatment. Whether you are experiencing Eczema symptoms for the first time or finding ways to prevent recurrence, you’re in the right place. In this article, we will delve into the types of Eczema, causes, symptoms, effective treatments and prevention. So, let’s get started!
Prevalence in the UK
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a prevalent skin condition in the United Kingdom. It affects approximately 11–20% of children and 5–10% of adults. This translates to about 1 in 5 children and 1 in 10 adults experiencing eczema at some point. In numerical terms, around 1.5 million adults in the UK are affected by atopic dermatitis. The prevalence of eczema is notably higher in early childhood, with rates peaking in children aged 2 years at 16.5%. In adults, the prevalence decreases, reaching its lowest point at 2.8% in individuals aged 30–39.
What is Eczema (Dermatitis) ?
Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, itching, and irritation. It can affect people of all ages, though it is more common in children. The condition tends to flare up periodically and can be triggered by various environmental and internal factors.
Are there different types of Eczema?
✅Atopic Dermatitis (AD)
- Most common type, often starting in childhood.
- Linked to allergies, asthma, and hay fever (atopic conditions).
✅Contact Dermatitis
- Caused by skin contact with an irritant or allergen.
- Two types:
- Irritant Contact Dermatitis (caused by soaps, detergents, chemicals).
- Allergic Contact Dermatitis (caused by allergens like nickel, fragrances, or latex).
✅Dyshidrotic Eczema
- Characterized by small, itchy, fluid-filled blisters, mostly on hands and feet.
- Triggers: Stress, allergies, excessive sweating, or exposure to metals (nickel, cobalt).
✅Discoid Eczema
- Round, coin-shaped patches of irritated skin.
- Triggers: Skin injuries, insect bites, dry skin, or environmental change
✅Seborrheic Dermatitis
- Affects oily areas of the body, like the scalp, face, and chest.
- Known as dandruff when on the scalp.
✅Venous Eczema
- Occurs due to poor blood circulation, mainly in the lower legs.
- Common in older adults or people with varicose veins.
What are the Causes of Eczema?
Eczema develops due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Common causes and triggers include:
✅ Genetics: If a family member has eczema, asthma, or hay fever, you’re more likely to develop it.
✅ Immune System Overreaction: An overactive immune system reacts strongly to allergens or irritants, leading to inflammation
✅ Skin Barrier Dysfunction: People with eczema have a weakened skin barrier, making their skin more prone to dryness, irritation, and infections.
✅ Skin Infections: Bacteria, viruses, or fungi can worsen eczema symptoms.
✅ Environmental Triggers:
- Allergens (pollen, pet dander, dust mites)
- Irritants (soaps, detergents, fragrances, chemicals)
- Weather changes (cold, dry air or heat and humidity)
- Stress and hormonal changes
- Certain foods (dairy, eggs, nuts, wheat—more common in children)
What are the Symptoms of Eczema?
Symptoms vary but commonly include:
✅Itchy Skin – The most prominent symptom, often leading to scratching. ✅Red, Inflamed Patches – Especially on the face, hands, elbows, and knees. ✅Dry, Scaly, or Cracked Skin – Can cause discomfort and bleeding in severe cases. ✅Blisters & Oozing Sores – Sometimes, the skin may develop fluid-filled bumps that burst. ✅Thickened, Leathery Skin – Due to repeated scratching over time.
What Treatment options are available for Eczema?
While there is no permanent cure, several treatments help manage Eczema:
✅Moisturisers & Emollients – Hydrating creams (e.g., Aproderm, Epaderm, ceramide-based creams) help prevent dryness. ✅Topical Corticosteroids – Reduce inflammation and itching (e.g., hydrocortisone, betamethasone). ✅Antihistamines – Help with itching, especially at night (e.g., fexofenadine, cetirizine). ✅Immunosuppressive Creams – Such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus for severe cases. ✅Oral Medications – In severe cases, doctors may prescribe oral corticosteroids or immunosuppressants. ✅Phototherapy (Light Therapy) – UV light therapy can help with chronic Eczema. ✅Antibiotics – If an infection develops due to excessive scratching.
How to you Prevent Eczema?
To reduce flare-ups and prevent worsening of symptoms:
✅Moisturise Regularly – Use fragrance-free creams or ointments to keep skin hydrated. ✅Avoid Irritants – Use mild, fragrance-free soaps, detergents, and skincare products. ✅Wear Soft Fabrics – Cotton is preferred over wool or synthetic fibers. ✅Maintain a Stable Environment – Use humidifiers in dry climates and avoid extreme temperatures. ✅Reduce Stress – Practice relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing. ✅Identify & Avoid Triggers – Keep a diary to track possible allergens or irritants.
Conclusion
Remember, Eczema can flare up without proper care. Early recognition and treatment are key to a managing flare ups. Preventative measures are recommended to keep your skin eczema free.
If you suspect you have a Eczema, please don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider. Stay Healthy!
If you need help, advice and treatment please check our service page for https://medicalconsultationsonline.co.uk/product/eczema-causes-symptoms-and-treatment/
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